2009年12月11日

Pacta sunt servanda 有约必守原则

法谚有云 Pacta sunt servanda. 意为协定应被尊重,或协议应被遵守,乃民法和国际法的根本性原则。
择取其最普遍的含义,有约必守原则应用于私人契约领域,强调契约内包含的条款和协定属于合约双方权利,而合约义务之不履行意味双方的协定被打破。
在商事领域,有约必守原则与商事惯例相吻合,体现民法的善意原则。换言之在民商事领域,任何不守规矩或者说不守约的行为都应受到处罚,即便该行为并没有为双方带来任何直接的伤害,却已然破坏合约双方共信的基础。所以可以毫不夸张地说,有约必守原则是整个民商法体系产生效力的要件之一。
在国际法范畴内,有约必守指的是遵守国与国之间订立的条约,如维也纳公约所规定的:缔约各国受整个条约之约束,且应秉持善意履行条约之内容。很显然在这里有约必守原则亦是构建与各方善意的基础之上的,其善意表现为任何缔约国不得引用本国国内法法规作为不履行条约的正当理由。
有约必守原则并非不受限制,在国际法中受ius cogens(强制性法)制肘。
所谓强制性法乃构建法律大厦之巅的一些根本性原则,比如国家主权的完整,人权的不可侵犯等等,属各个缔约国的意愿不能左右,更改或者排斥的核心价值。

3 评论:

lynn 说...

受教了 呵呵

helifang 说...

那我就多看看吧,这里真不错

Dathisorryits 说...

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